Which of the following diseases is transmitted by both mosquitoes and flies?

Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and not by flies; however, the confusion may arise from the general understanding of how various diseases are transmitted. Mosquitoes are the primary vectors for certain viral infections, including yellow fever, which is an important consideration in disease control and prevention strategies in tropical and subtropical areas where these insects are prevalent.

Dengue is also transmitted exclusively by mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti species. Cholera and typhoid are not transmitted by insects but rather through consumption of contaminated water or food, highlighting the importance of sanitation and hygiene to prevent these diseases. Thus, while yellow fever is significant, it is crucial to differentiate that it does not have a fly transmission route. Understanding the transmission dynamics of these diseases helps in implementing effective public health interventions and sanitation measures in military settings and other vulnerable populations.