How can troops protect against vector-borne diseases in the field?

Using insect repellents and wearing long sleeves is an effective strategy for troops to protect against vector-borne diseases in the field because these measures directly address the primary means by which many diseases are transmitted—through bites from infected mosquitoes, ticks, and other vectors. Insect repellents create a barrier that deters these vectors from biting individuals, while wearing long sleeves provides an additional physical barrier to exposure, reducing skin contact where bites could occur.

This approach is practical and essential, especially in outdoor military settings where troops are often in proximity to environments that harbor these vectors. Staying indoors all the time is not a feasible option in many military operations, which require troops to be actively engaged outside. Limiting outdoor activities may reduce exposure somewhat, but it is not always practical given mission requirements. Relying solely on vaccinations does not provide complete protection, as not all vector-borne diseases have vaccines, and vaccines are most effective as part of a broader prevention strategy that includes personal protective measures. Thus, using insect repellents and wearing appropriate clothing is a critical component of a comprehensive defense against vector-borne diseases in the field.